Are Candles Safe? Debunking Myths and Health Facts Explained

Candles have been a staple of human culture for centuries, offering light, ambiance, and aromatherapy benefits. However, concerns about their potential health effects, particularly from paraffin wax candles, have sparked debates among consumers. In this post, we’ll explore the science behind these concerns, clarify misconceptions, and address whether candles are genuinely harmful to your health.

What Are Phthalates and Endocrine Disruptors?

Phthalates are chemical compounds commonly used as plasticizers to increase flexibility in plastics. They are also found in some fragrance products, including candles. Some phthalates have been associated with endocrine disruption—the interference with the body’s hormonal system—which can potentially lead to developmental, reproductive, or metabolic issues. However, many candle manufacturers now offer phthalate-free fragrances to alleviate these concerns.

Endocrine disruptors are substances that can mimic or interfere with the body’s hormones, leading to a range of potential health effects. It’s important to note that the level of exposure is a critical factor. For candles, the amount of endocrine-disrupting compounds released—if any—is typically very low and unlikely to pose a significant risk during normal use in well-ventilated spaces.

Paraffin Wax: The Science Behind the Safety

Paraffin wax, a petroleum byproduct, has been scrutinized due to claims that burning it releases harmful toxins. However, regulatory information from multiple Safety Data Sheets (SDS) provided by candle suppliers consistently states: “Material is not known to contain any chemicals currently listed as carcinogens or reproductive toxins.” This aligns with the findings of organizations like the National Candle Association (NCA), which cite studies showing that well-made paraffin candles burn cleanly and safely.

In a 2009 study often cited by critics, researchers claimed that paraffin wax candles released harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the NCA and European Candle Association criticized the study for lacking peer review and failing to use real-world testing conditions. In contrast, independent research, such as studies by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, found no elevated health risks from candle use in typical settings.

Alternative Candle Waxes

If concerns about paraffin wax persist, consumers can explore alternatives like soy, beeswax, coconut wax, and palm wax. These waxes are renewable, biodegradable, and often marketed as “natural” alternatives. Below is a closer look at some popular wax types:

1. Soy Wax: Made from soybean oil, soy wax is a renewable and eco-friendly option. It burns cleaner than paraffin wax and produces less soot. It also has excellent scent throw, making it a popular choice for scented candles.
2. Beeswax: Produced by honeybees, beeswax is a natural, non-toxic wax that emits a subtle, sweet aroma when burned. It’s known for its long burn time and minimal soot production. Beeswax candles are often used by individuals looking for a completely natural product.
3. Coconut Wax: Derived from coconut oil, this wax is known for its creamy texture and slow burn. It has a clean burn and pairs well with natural fragrances, though it can be more expensive than other options.
4. Palm Wax: Sourced from palm oil, palm wax is a firm and durable wax often used in pillar candles. While it provides excellent burn quality, concerns about the environmental impact of palm oil production have led to increased scrutiny.
5. Blended Waxes: Many candles use a combination of waxes, such as soy-paraffin or coconut-soy blends, to balance performance, scent throw, and cost-effectiveness. Blended waxes offer a versatile option for manufacturers and consumers alike.

It’s important to recognize that all waxes—when burned—undergo combustion and produce similar byproducts, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, along with trace amounts of soot.

Practical Tips for Safe Candle Use

Regardless of the type of wax, safe candle practices can further minimize any potential risks:

1. Choose high-quality candles from reputable manufacturers that adhere to industry safety standards.
2. Burn candles in well-ventilated areas to reduce the accumulation of any emissions.
3. Trim the wick to ¼ inch before lighting to prevent excessive soot.
4. Avoid drafts that can cause uneven burning and increased soot production.

The claim that candles are inherently harmful to health is largely unsupported by scientific evidence. While some compounds, like phthalates, have raised concerns, the levels emitted by candles are generally too low to pose significant risks. Paraffin wax, despite its petroleum origin, has been shown to be safe for use, as evidenced by regulatory statements and safety data.

For those who prefer alternatives, natural waxes like soy and beeswax offer viable options without compromising performance. By following safe burning practices, you can continue to enjoy the warmth and beauty of candles with peace of mind.

 

1. National Candle Association. (n.d.). Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from candles.org
2. German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. (2008). Health Assessment of Scented Candles. Retrieved from bfr.bund.de
3. European Candle Association. (2009). Critical Review of Paraffin Wax Emissions Study. Retrieved from eca.eu